/*
 *  This file is part of pgn-extract: a Portable Game Notation (PGN) extractor.
 *  Copyright (C) 1994-2022 David J. Barnes
 *
 *  pgn-extract is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  pgn-extract is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with pgn-extract. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 *  David J. Barnes may be contacted as d.j.barnes@kent.ac.uk
 *  https://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/djb/
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include "bool.h"
#include "mymalloc.h"
#include "defs.h"
#include "typedef.h"
#include "end.h"
#include "lines.h"
#include "tokens.h"
#include "taglist.h"
#include "lex.h"
#include "apply.h"
#include "grammar.h"

/**
 * Code to handle specifications describing the state of the board
 * in terms of numbers of pieces and material balance between opponents.
 *
 * Games are then matched against these specifications.
 */

/* Keep a list of endings to be found. */
static Material_details *endings_to_match = NULL;

/* What kind of piece is the character, c, likely to represent?
 * NB: This is NOT the same as is_piece() in decode.c
 */
/* Define pseudo-letter for minor pieces, used later. */
#define MINOR_PIECE 'L'

static Piece
is_English_piece(char c)
{
    Piece piece = EMPTY;

    switch (c) {
        case 'K': case 'k':
            piece = KING;
            break;
        case 'Q': case 'q':
            piece = QUEEN;
            break;
        case 'R': case 'r':
            piece = ROOK;
            break;
        case 'N': case 'n':
            piece = KNIGHT;
            break;
        case 'B': case 'b':
            piece = BISHOP;
            break;
        case 'P': case 'p':
            piece = PAWN;
            break;
    }
    return piece;
}

/* Initialise the count of required pieces prior to reading
 * in the data.
 */
static Material_details *
new_ending_details(Boolean both_colours)
{
    Material_details *details = (Material_details *) malloc_or_die(sizeof (Material_details));
    int c;
    Piece piece;

    details->both_colours = both_colours;
    for (piece = PAWN; piece <= KING; piece++) {
        for (c = 0; c < 2; c++) {
            details->num_pieces[c][piece] = 0;
            details->occurs[c][piece] = EXACTLY;
        }
    }
    /* Fill out some miscellaneous colour based information. */
    for (c = 0; c < 2; c++) {
        /* Only the KING is a requirement for each side. */
        details->num_pieces[c][KING] = 1;
        details->match_depth[c] = 0;
        /* How many general minor pieces to match. */
        details->num_minor_pieces[c] = 0;
        details->minor_occurs[c] = EXACTLY;
    }
    /* Assume that the match must always have a depth of at least two for
     * two half-move stability.
     */
    details->move_depth = 2;
    details->next = NULL;
    return details;
}

static const char *
extract_combination(const char *p, Occurs *p_occurs, int *p_number, const char *line)
{
    Boolean Ok = TRUE;
    Occurs occurs = EXACTLY;
    int number = 1;

    if (isdigit((int) *p)) {
        /* Only single digits are allowed. */
        number = *p - '0';
        p++;
        if (isdigit((int) *p)) {
            fprintf(GlobalState.logfile, "Number > 9 is too big in %s.\n",
                    line);
            while (isdigit((int) *p)) {
                p++;
            }
            Ok = FALSE;
        }
    }
    if (Ok) {
        /* Look for trailing annotations. */
        switch (*p) {
            case '*':
                number = 0;
                occurs = NUM_OR_MORE;
                p++;
                break;
            case '+':
                occurs = NUM_OR_MORE;
                p++;
                break;
            case '-':
                occurs = NUM_OR_LESS;
                p++;
                break;
            case '?':
                number = 1;
                occurs = NUM_OR_LESS;
                p++;
                break;
            case '=':
            case '#':
            case '<':
            case '>':
                switch (*p) {
                    case '=':
                        p++;
                        occurs = SAME_AS_OPPONENT;
                        break;
                    case '#':
                        p++;
                        occurs = NOT_SAME_AS_OPPONENT;
                        break;
                    case '<':
                        p++;
                        if (*p == '=') {
                            occurs = LESS_EQ_THAN_OPPONENT;
                            p++;
                        }
                        else {
                            occurs = LESS_THAN_OPPONENT;
                        }
                        break;
                    case '>':
                        p++;
                        if (*p == '=') {
                            occurs = MORE_EQ_THAN_OPPONENT;
                            p++;
                        }
                        else {
                            occurs = MORE_THAN_OPPONENT;
                        }
                        break;
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    if (Ok) {
        *p_occurs = occurs;
        *p_number = number;
        return p;
    }
    else {
        return NULL;
    }
}

/* Extract a single piece set of information from line.
 * Return where we have got to as the result.
 * colour == WHITE means we are looking at the first set of
 * pieces, so some of the notation is illegal (i.e. the relative ops).
 *
 * The basic syntax for a piece description is:
 *        piece [number] [occurs]
 * For instance:
 *        P2+ Pawn occurs at least twice or more.
 *        R= Rook occurs same number of times as opponent. (colour == BLACK)
 *        P1>= Exactly one pawn more than the opponent. (colour == BLACK)
 */
static const char *
extract_piece_information(const char *line, Material_details *details, Colour colour)
{
    const char *p = line;
    Boolean Ok = TRUE;

    while (Ok && (*p != '\0') && !isspace((int) *p) && *p != MATERIAL_CONSTRAINT) {
        Piece piece = is_English_piece(*p);
        /* By default a piece should occur exactly once. */
        Occurs occurs = EXACTLY;
        int number = 1;

        if (piece != EMPTY) {
            /* Skip over the piece. */
            p++;
            p = extract_combination(p, &occurs, &number, line);
            if (p != NULL) {
                if ((piece == KING) && (number != 1)) {
                    fprintf(GlobalState.logfile, "A king must occur exactly once.\n");
                    number = 1;
                }
                else if ((piece == PAWN) && (number > 8)) {
                    fprintf(GlobalState.logfile,
                            "No more than 8 pawns are allowed.\n");
                    number = 8;
                }
                details->num_pieces[colour][piece] = number;
                details->occurs[colour][piece] = occurs;
            }
            else {
                Ok = FALSE;
            }
        }
        else if (isalpha((int) *p) && (toupper((int) *p) == MINOR_PIECE)) {
            p++;
            p = extract_combination(p, &occurs, &number, line);
            if (p != NULL) {
                details->num_minor_pieces[colour] = number;
                details->minor_occurs[colour] = occurs;
            }
            else {
                Ok = FALSE;
            }
        }
        else {
            fprintf(GlobalState.logfile, "Unknown symbol at %s\n", p);
            Ok = FALSE;
        }
    }
    if (Ok) {
        /* Make a sanity check on the use of minor pieces. */
        if ((details->num_minor_pieces[colour] > 0) ||
                (details->minor_occurs[colour] != EXACTLY)) {
            /* Warn about use of BISHOP and KNIGHT letters. */
            if ((details->num_pieces[colour][BISHOP] > 0) ||
                    (details->occurs[colour][BISHOP] != EXACTLY) ||
                    (details->num_pieces[colour][KNIGHT] > 0) ||
                    (details->occurs[colour][KNIGHT] != EXACTLY)) {
                fprintf(GlobalState.logfile,
                        "Warning: the mixture of minor pieces in %s is not guaranteed to work.\n",
                        line);
                fprintf(GlobalState.logfile,
                        "In a single set it is advisable to stick to either L or B and/or N.\n");
            }
        }
        return p;
    }
    else {
        return NULL;
    }
}

/* Extract the piece specification from line and fill out
 * details with the pattern information.
 */
static Boolean
decompose_line(const char *line, Material_details *details)
{
    const char *p = line;
    Boolean Ok = TRUE;

    /* Skip initial space. */
    while (isspace((int) *p)) {
        p++;
    }

    /* Look for a move depth. */
    if (isdigit((int) *p)) {
        unsigned depth;

        depth = *p - '0';
        p++;
        while (isdigit((int) *p)) {
            depth = (depth * 10)+(*p - '0');
            p++;
        }
        while (isspace((int) *p)) {
            p++;
        }
        details->move_depth = depth;
    }

    /* Extract two pairs of piece information.
     * NB: If the first set of pieces consists of a lone king then that must
     * be included explicitly. If the second set consists of a lone
     * king then that can be omitted.
     */
    p = extract_piece_information(p, details, WHITE);
    if (p != NULL) {
        while ((*p != '\0') && (isspace((int) *p) || (*p == MATERIAL_CONSTRAINT))) {
            p++;
        }
        if (*p != '\0') {
            p = extract_piece_information(p, details, BLACK);
        }
        else {
            /* No explicit requirements for the other colour. */
            Piece piece;

            for (piece = PAWN; piece <= KING; piece++) {
                details->num_pieces[BLACK][piece] = 0;
                details->occurs[BLACK][piece] = EXACTLY;
            }
            details->num_pieces[BLACK][KING] = 1;
            details->occurs[BLACK][KING] = EXACTLY;
        }
    }
    if (p != NULL) {
        /* Allow trailing text as a comment. */
    }
    else {
        Ok = FALSE;
    }
    return Ok;
}

/* A new game to be looked for. Indicate that we have not
 * started matching any yet.
 */
static void
reset_match_depths(Material_details *endings)
{
    for (; endings != NULL; endings = endings->next) {
        endings->match_depth[WHITE] = 0;
        endings->match_depth[BLACK] = 0;
    }
}

/* Try to find a match for the given number of piece details. */
static Boolean
piece_match(int num_available, int num_to_find, int num_opponents, Occurs occurs)
{
    Boolean match = FALSE;

    switch (occurs) {
        case EXACTLY:
            match = num_available == num_to_find;
            break;
        case NUM_OR_MORE:
            match = num_available >= num_to_find;
            break;
        case NUM_OR_LESS:
            match = num_available <= num_to_find;
            break;
        case SAME_AS_OPPONENT:
            match = num_available == num_opponents;
            break;
        case NOT_SAME_AS_OPPONENT:
            match = num_available != num_opponents;
            break;
        case LESS_THAN_OPPONENT:
            match = (num_available + num_to_find) <= num_opponents;
            break;
        case MORE_THAN_OPPONENT:
            match = (num_available - num_to_find) >= num_opponents;
            break;
        case LESS_EQ_THAN_OPPONENT:
            /* This means exactly num_to_find less than the
             * opponent.
             */
            match = (num_available + num_to_find) == num_opponents;
            break;
        case MORE_EQ_THAN_OPPONENT:
            /* This means exactly num_to_find greater than the
             * opponent.
             */
            match = (num_available - num_to_find) == num_opponents;
            break;
        default:
            fprintf(GlobalState.logfile,
                    "Inconsistent state %d in piece_match.\n", occurs);
            match = FALSE;
    }
    return match;
}

/* Try to find a match against one player's pieces in the piece_set_colour
 * set of details_to_find.
 */
static Boolean
piece_set_match(const Material_details *details_to_find,
        int num_pieces[2][NUM_PIECE_VALUES],
        Colour game_colour, Colour piece_set_colour)
{
    Boolean match = TRUE;
    Piece piece;
    /* Determine whether we failed on a match for minor pieces or not. */
    Boolean minor_failure = FALSE;

    /* No need to check KING. */
    for (piece = PAWN; (piece < KING) && match; piece++) {
        int num_available = num_pieces[game_colour][piece];
        int num_opponents = num_pieces[OPPOSITE_COLOUR(game_colour)][piece];
        int num_to_find = details_to_find->num_pieces[piece_set_colour][piece];
        Occurs occurs = details_to_find->occurs[piece_set_colour][piece];

        match = piece_match(num_available, num_to_find, num_opponents, occurs);
        if (!match) {
            if ((piece == KNIGHT) || (piece == BISHOP)) {
                minor_failure = TRUE;
                /* Carry on trying to match. */
                match = TRUE;
            }
            else {
                minor_failure = FALSE;
            }
        }
    }

    if (match) {
        /* Ensure that the minor pieces match if there is a minor pieces
         * requirement.
         */
        int num_to_find = details_to_find->num_minor_pieces[piece_set_colour];
        Occurs occurs = details_to_find->minor_occurs[piece_set_colour];

        if ((num_to_find > 0) || (occurs != EXACTLY)) {
            int num_available =
                    num_pieces[game_colour][BISHOP] +
                    num_pieces[game_colour][KNIGHT];
            int num_opponents = num_pieces[OPPOSITE_COLOUR(game_colour)][BISHOP] +
                    num_pieces[OPPOSITE_COLOUR(game_colour)][KNIGHT];

            match = piece_match(num_available, num_to_find, num_opponents, occurs);
        }
        else if (minor_failure) {
            /* We actually failed with proper matching of individual minor
             * pieces, and no minor match fixup is possible.
             */
            match = FALSE;
        }
        else {
            /* Match stands. */
        }
    }
    return match;
}

/* Look for a material match between current_details and
 * details_to_find. Only return TRUE if we have both a match
 * and match_depth >= move_depth in details_to_find.
 * NB: If the game ends before the required depth is reached then a
 * potential match would be missed. This could be considered
 * as a bug.
 */
static Boolean
material_match(Material_details *details_to_find, int num_pieces[2][NUM_PIECE_VALUES],
               Colour game_colour)
{
    Boolean match = TRUE;
    Colour piece_set_colour = WHITE;

    match = piece_set_match(details_to_find, num_pieces, game_colour,
            piece_set_colour);
    if (match) {
        game_colour = OPPOSITE_COLOUR(game_colour);
        piece_set_colour = OPPOSITE_COLOUR(piece_set_colour);
        match = piece_set_match(details_to_find, num_pieces, game_colour,
                piece_set_colour);
        /* Reset colour to its original value. */
        game_colour = OPPOSITE_COLOUR(game_colour);
    }

    if (match) {
        if (details_to_find->match_depth[game_colour] < details_to_find->move_depth) {
            /* Not a full match yet. */
            match = FALSE;
            details_to_find->match_depth[game_colour]++;
        }
	else {
	    /* A stable match. */
	}
    }
    else {
        /* Reset the match counter. */
        details_to_find->match_depth[game_colour] = 0;
    }
    return match;
}

/* Extract the numbers of each type of piece from the given board. */
static void extract_pieces_from_board(int num_pieces[2][NUM_PIECE_VALUES], const Board *board)
{
    /* Set up num_pieces from the board. */
    for(int c = 0; c < 2; c++) {
        for(int p = 0; p < NUM_PIECE_VALUES; p++) {
            num_pieces[c][p] = 0;
        }
    }
    for(char rank = FIRSTRANK; rank <= LASTRANK; rank++) {
        for(char col = FIRSTCOL; col <= LASTCOL; col++) {
            int r = RankConvert(rank);
            int c = ColConvert(col);

            Piece coloured_piece = board->board[r][c];
            if(coloured_piece != EMPTY) {
                int p = EXTRACT_PIECE(coloured_piece);
                num_pieces[EXTRACT_COLOUR(coloured_piece)][p]++;
            }
        }
    }
}

/* Check to see whether the given moves lead to a position
 * that matches the given 'ending' position.
 * In other words, a position with the required balance
 * of pieces.
 */
static Boolean
look_for_material_match(Game *game_details)
{
    Boolean game_ok = TRUE;
    Boolean match_comment_added = FALSE;
    Move *next_move = game_details->moves;
    Move *move_for_comment = NULL;
    Colour colour = WHITE;
    /* The initial game position has the full set of piece details. */
    int num_pieces[2][NUM_PIECE_VALUES] = {
        /* Dummies for OFF and EMPTY at the start. */
        /*     P  N  B  R  Q  K */
        {0, 0, 8, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1},
        {0, 0, 8, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1}
    };
    Board *board = new_game_board(game_details->tags[FEN_TAG]);

    if(game_details->tags[FEN_TAG] != NULL) {
        extract_pieces_from_board(num_pieces, board);
    }
    /* Ensure that all previous match indications are cleared. */
    reset_match_depths(endings_to_match);

    /* Keep going while the game is ok, and we have some more
     * moves and we haven't exceeded the search depth without finding
     * a match.
     */
    Boolean matches = FALSE;
    Boolean end_of_game = FALSE;
    Boolean white_matches = FALSE, black_matches = FALSE;
    while (game_ok && !matches && !end_of_game) {
        for (Material_details *details_to_find = endings_to_match; !matches && (details_to_find != NULL);
                details_to_find = details_to_find->next) {
            /* Try before applying each move.
             * Note, that we wish to try both ways around because we might
             * have WT,BT WF,BT ... If we don't try BLACK on WHITE success
             * then we might miss a match because a full match takes several
             * separate individual match steps.
             */
            white_matches = material_match(details_to_find, num_pieces, WHITE);
            if(details_to_find->both_colours) {
                black_matches = material_match(details_to_find, num_pieces, BLACK);
            }
            else {
                black_matches = FALSE;
            }
            if (white_matches || black_matches) {
                matches = TRUE;
                /* See whether a matching comment is required. */
                if (GlobalState.add_position_match_comments && !match_comment_added) {
                    CommentList *match_comment = create_match_comment(board);
                    if (move_for_comment != NULL) {
                        append_comments_to_move(move_for_comment, match_comment);
                    }
                    else {
                        if(game_details->prefix_comment == NULL) {
                            game_details->prefix_comment = match_comment;
                        }
                        else {
                            CommentList *comm = game_details->prefix_comment;
                            while(comm->next != NULL) {
                                comm = comm->next;
                            }
                            comm->next = match_comment;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if(matches) {
            /* Nothing required. */
        }
        else if(next_move == NULL) {
            end_of_game = TRUE;
        }
        else if (*(next_move->move) != '\0') {
            /* Try the next position. */
            if (apply_move(next_move, board)) {
                /* Remove any captured pieces. */
                if (next_move->captured_piece != EMPTY) {
                    num_pieces[OPPOSITE_COLOUR(colour)][next_move->captured_piece]--;
                }
                if (next_move->promoted_piece != EMPTY) {
                    num_pieces[colour][next_move->promoted_piece]++;
                    /* Remove the promoting pawn. */
                    num_pieces[colour][PAWN]--;
                }

                move_for_comment = next_move;
                colour = OPPOSITE_COLOUR(colour);
                next_move = next_move->next;
            }
            else {
                game_ok = FALSE;
            }
        }
        else {
            /* An empty move. */
            fprintf(GlobalState.logfile,
                    "Internal error: Empty move in look_for_material_match.\n");
            game_ok = FALSE;
        }
    }
    (void) free((void *) board);
    if(game_ok && matches) {
        if(GlobalState.add_match_tag) {
            game_details->tags[MATERIAL_MATCH_TAG] =
                copy_string(white_matches ? "White" : "Black");
        }
        return TRUE;
    }
    else {
        return FALSE;
    }
}

/* Check to see whether the given moves lead to a position
 * that matches one of the required 'material match' positions.
 * In other words, a position with the required balance
 * of pieces.
 */
Boolean
check_for_material_match(Game *game)
{
    /* Match if there are no endings to match. */
    if(endings_to_match != NULL) {
        return look_for_material_match(game);
    }
    else {
        return TRUE;
    }
}

/* Does the board's material match the constraints of details_to_find?
 * Return TRUE if it does, FALSE otherwise.
 */
Boolean
constraint_material_match(Material_details *details_to_find, const Board *board)
{
    /* Only a single match position is required. */
    details_to_find->move_depth = 0;
    details_to_find->match_depth[0] = 0;
    details_to_find->match_depth[1] = 0;

    int num_pieces[2][NUM_PIECE_VALUES];
    extract_pieces_from_board(num_pieces, board);
    Boolean white_matches = material_match(details_to_find, num_pieces, WHITE);
    Boolean black_matches;

    if(details_to_find->both_colours) {
        black_matches = material_match(details_to_find, num_pieces, BLACK);
    }
    else {
        black_matches = FALSE;
    }
    return white_matches || black_matches;
}

/* Decompose the text of line to extract two sets of
 * piece configurations.
 * If both_colours is TRUE then matches will be tried
 * for both colours in each configuration.
 * Otherwise, the first set of pieces are assumed to
 * be white and the second to be black.
 * If pattern_constraint is TRUE then the description
 * is a constraint of a FEN pattern and should not be
 * retained as a separate material match.
 */
Material_details *
process_material_description(const char *line, Boolean both_colours, Boolean pattern_constraint)
{
    Material_details *details = NULL;

    if (non_blank_line(line)) {
        details = new_ending_details(both_colours);

        if (decompose_line(line, details)) {
            if(!pattern_constraint) {
                /* Add it on to the list. */
                details->next = endings_to_match;
                endings_to_match = details;
            }
        }
        else {
            (void) free((void *) details);
            details = NULL;
        }
    }
    return details;
}

/* Read a file containing material matches. */
Boolean
build_endings(const char *infile, Boolean both_colours)
{
    FILE *fp = fopen(infile, "r");
    Boolean Ok = TRUE;

    if (fp == NULL) {
        fprintf(GlobalState.logfile, "Cannot open %s for reading.\n", infile);
        exit(1);
    }
    else {
        char *line;
        while ((line = read_line(fp)) != NULL) {
            if(process_material_description(line, both_colours, FALSE) == NULL) {
                Ok = FALSE;
            }
            (void) free(line);
        }
        (void) fclose(fp);
    }
    return Ok;
}