2022 day 14: init
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2022/day14/README.org
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2022/day14/README.org
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** --- Day 14: Regolith Reservoir ---
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The distress signal leads you to a giant waterfall! Actually, hang on -
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the signal seems like it's coming from the waterfall itself, and that
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doesn't make any sense. However, you do notice a little path that leads
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/behind/ the waterfall.
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Correction: the distress signal leads you behind a giant waterfall!
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There seems to be a large cave system here, and the signal definitely
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leads further inside.
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As you begin to make your way deeper underground, you feel the ground
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rumble for a moment. Sand begins pouring into the cave! If you don't
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quickly figure out where the sand is going, you could quickly become
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trapped!
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Fortunately, your [[/2018/day/17][familiarity]] with analyzing the path
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of falling material will come in handy here. You scan a two-dimensional
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vertical slice of the cave above you (your puzzle input) and discover
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that it is mostly /air/ with structures made of /rock/.
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Your scan traces the path of each solid rock structure and reports the
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=x,y= coordinates that form the shape of the path, where =x= represents
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distance to the right and =y= represents distance down. Each path
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appears as a single line of text in your scan. After the first point of
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each path, each point indicates the end of a straight horizontal or
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vertical line to be drawn from the previous point. For example:
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#+begin_example
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498,4 -> 498,6 -> 496,6
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503,4 -> 502,4 -> 502,9 -> 494,9
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#+end_example
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This scan means that there are two paths of rock; the first path
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consists of two straight lines, and the second path consists of three
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straight lines. (Specifically, the first path consists of a line of rock
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from =498,4= through =498,6= and another line of rock from =498,6=
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through =496,6=.)
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The sand is pouring into the cave from point =500,0=.
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Drawing rock as =#=, air as =.=, and the source of the sand as =+=, this
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becomes:
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#+begin_example
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4 5 5
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9 0 0
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4 0 3
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0 ......+...
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1 ..........
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2 ..........
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3 ..........
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4 ....#...##
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5 ....#...#.
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6 ..###...#.
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7 ........#.
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8 ........#.
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9 #########.
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#+end_example
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Sand is produced /one unit at a time/, and the next unit of sand is not
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produced until the previous unit of sand /comes to rest/. A unit of sand
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is large enough to fill one tile of air in your scan.
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A unit of sand always falls /down one step/ if possible. If the tile
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immediately below is blocked (by rock or sand), the unit of sand
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attempts to instead move diagonally /one step down and to the left/. If
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that tile is blocked, the unit of sand attempts to instead move
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diagonally /one step down and to the right/. Sand keeps moving as long
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as it is able to do so, at each step trying to move down, then
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down-left, then down-right. If all three possible destinations are
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blocked, the unit of sand /comes to rest/ and no longer moves, at which
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point the next unit of sand is created back at the source.
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So, drawing sand that has come to rest as =o=, the first unit of sand
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simply falls straight down and then stops:
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#+begin_example
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......+...
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..........
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..........
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..........
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....#...##
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....#...#.
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..###...#.
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........#.
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......o.#.
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#########.
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#+end_example
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The second unit of sand then falls straight down, lands on the first
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one, and then comes to rest to its left:
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#+begin_example
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......+...
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..........
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..........
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..........
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....#...##
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....#...#.
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..###...#.
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........#.
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.....oo.#.
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#########.
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#+end_example
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After a total of five units of sand have come to rest, they form this
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pattern:
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#+begin_example
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......+...
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..........
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..........
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..........
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....#...##
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....#...#.
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..###...#.
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......o.#.
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....oooo#.
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#########.
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#+end_example
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After a total of 22 units of sand:
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#+begin_example
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......+...
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..........
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......o...
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.....ooo..
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....#ooo##
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....#ooo#.
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..###ooo#.
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....oooo#.
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...ooooo#.
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#########.
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#+end_example
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Finally, only two more units of sand can possibly come to rest:
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#+begin_example
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......+...
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..........
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......o...
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.....ooo..
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....#ooo##
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...o#ooo#.
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..###ooo#.
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....oooo#.
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.o.ooooo#.
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#########.
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#+end_example
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Once all =24= units of sand shown above have come to rest, all further
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sand flows out the bottom, falling into the endless void. Just for fun,
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the path any new sand takes before falling forever is shown here with
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=~=:
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#+begin_example
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.......+...
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.......~...
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......~o...
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.....~ooo..
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....~#ooo##
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...~o#ooo#.
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..~###ooo#.
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..~..oooo#.
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.~o.ooooo#.
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~#########.
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~..........
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~..........
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~..........
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#+end_example
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Using your scan, simulate the falling sand. /How many units of sand come
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to rest before sand starts flowing into the abyss below?/
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