644 lines
23 KiB
Bash
Executable File
644 lines
23 KiB
Bash
Executable File
#!/bin/bash
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#
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# sync.sh - a backup utility using ssh/rsync facilities.
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#
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# (C) Bruno Raoult ("br"), 2007-2022
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# Licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0 or later.
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# Some rights reserved. See COPYING.
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#
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this
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# program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0-standalone.html>.
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#
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later <https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-3.0-or-later.html>
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#
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# NAME
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# sync.sh - a backup utility using ssh/rsync facilities.
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#
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# SYNOPSIS
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# sync.sh [-ymwdznt] CONFIG
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#
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# DESCRIPTION
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# Performs a backup to a local or remote destination, keeping different
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# versions (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly). All options can be set in
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# CONFIG file, which is mandatory.
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# The synchronization is make with rsync(1), and only files changed or
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# modified are actually copied; files which are identical with previous
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# backup are hard-linked to previous one.
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#
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# OPTIONS
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# -a PERIOD
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# Indicate which backup(s) should be done. PERIOD is a string composed
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# of one or more of 'y', 'm', 'w', and 'd', indicating respectively
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# yearly, monthly, weekly and daily backups.
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# Multiple -a may appear. For example, if we wish to perform a daily,
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# monthly, and yearly backup, we can use syntax like :
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# -a m -a y -a d
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# -adm -ay
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# -a ymd
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# If this option is not used, and none of the equivalent variables
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# (YEARLY, MONTHY, WEEKLY, DAILY) is set to "y" in configuration
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# file, the script will determine itself what should be done,
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# depending on the current day or date: daily backup every day,
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# weekly every sunday, monthly every first day of month, and yearly
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# every Jan 1st.
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# -D
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# By default, this script re-routes all outputs (stdout and stderr)
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# to a temporary file after basic initialization (mainly options
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# checks and configuration file evaluation), so that we can format
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# the output before displaying or mailing it.
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# This option disables this redirection. It is useful (together with
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# bash's -x option) when some errors are difficult to track.
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# -f
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# Filter some rsync output, such as hard and soft links, dirs, etc.
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# -n
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# Do not send mail report (which is the default if MAILTO environment
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# is set). Practically, this option only unsets MAILTO.
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# -r
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# Resume an interrupted transfer (rsync --partial option). It should
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# be safe to use this option, as it has no effect in usual case.
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# -u
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# Use numeric IDs (UID and GID) instead of usernames/groupnames. This
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# could be preferable in case of backup, to avoid any issue when
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# getting back the file (for instance via a mount).
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# -v
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# Add sub-tasks information, with timestamps. This option is currently
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# not implemented.
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# -z
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# Enable rsync compression. Should be used when the transport is more
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# expensive than CPU (typically slow connections).
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# -Z
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# By default, if gzip utility is available, the log attachment is
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# compressed. This option will prevent any compression.
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#
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# GENERAL
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# You should avoid modifying variables in this script.
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# Instead, use the configuration file, whenever possible.
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#
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# All options can be set in configuration file (which will always have
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# the "last word"). Please check the "getopts" section in the code below.
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#
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# By default, the output is displayed (or mailed) when the script exits.
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# The -D option allows to get real-time output.
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#
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# PREREQUISITES
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# The following must be installed, configured, and within your PATH :
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# ssh
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# Ensure your ssh setup is correct: You must be able to ssh the target
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# machine without password.
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# sendmail/postfix (or any MTA providing the sendmail command)
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# Your MTA must be properly configured to send emails. For example
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# you should receive an email with the following command :
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# echo "Subject: sendmail test" | sendmail -v youremail@example.com
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#
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# Additionnaly, you will also need the "base64" and "gzip" utilities.
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#
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# NOTE: If you run this script via cron(8), please remember that PATH is
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# different. For example, on some systems, cron's default PATH is
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# "/usr/bin:/bin". Should sendmail binary be in /usr/sbin on your system,
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# you will have to change PATH in your crontab.
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#
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# CONFIGURATION FILE
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# TODO: Write documentation. See example (sync-conf-example.sh).
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#
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# BUGS
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# Many.
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# This was written for a "terastation" NAS server, which is a kind of
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# light Linux running busybox and an old version of rsync. Therefore,
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# some useful rsync options were not used (such as server logs, etc).
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# This script has been tested on Linux/MacOS clients, with bash versions
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# 3.X and 4.X. Associative arrays cannot be used in bash < V4. Therefore
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# the code is not as efficient as it could be.
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#
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# TODO
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# - allow a reverse backup (from remote to local). Would be useful for
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# non-rooted Android devices (rooted ones could probably run the script
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# by themselves - to be confirmed.
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# - add more logs options (maybe with a mask?)
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# - replace y/n values with empty/not-empty. A step to avoid config file
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# - set default compress value on local/non-local. Step to avoid config
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# file
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# - manage more errors (instead of relying on traps)
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# - the deletion of oldest backup directories takes ages. This could be
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# avoided (for example we could move them to a temp dir and remove it
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# in background).
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# - configuration file could be avoided by adding a few options, such
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# as source and destination directories, and maybe also an rsync
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# exclude pattern (or more generally some more options to rsync).
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# - rewrite exit_handler which is really ugly.
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# - instead of filtering output, it could be better to create the
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# destination from the previous backup, and perform a usual backup
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# on this new directory. This should be easy, but my guess is that
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# it could be slower (1 first pass on server is added before the
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# normal backup).
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# - replace bash's getopts for a better options parsing tool, such as
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# GNU's getopt(1) could be an option, but not available everywhere
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# (for example on MacOS). Likely impossible to keep this script portable.
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#
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# AUTHOR
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# Bruno Raoult.
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#
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#
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###############################################################################
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######################### options default values
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###############################################################################
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# These ones can be set by command-line and in configuration file.
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# priority is given to configuration file.
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YEARLY=n # (-ay) yearly backup (y/n)
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MONTHLY=n # (-am) monthly backup (y/n)
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WEEKLY=n # (-aw) weekly backup (y/n)
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DAILY=n # (-ad) daily backup (y/n)
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FILTERLNK=n # (-f) rsync logs filter: links, dirs... (y/n)
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RESUME=n # (-r) resume backup (y/n)
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COMPRESS="" # (-z) rsync compression
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NUMID="" # (-u) use numeric IDs
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#VERBOSE=0 # TODO: (-v) logs level (0/1)
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DEBUG=n # (-D) debug: no I/O redirect (y/n)
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MAILTO=${MAILTO:-""} # (-n) mail recipient. -n sets it to ""
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ZIPMAIL="gzip" # (-Z) zip mail attachment
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# options only settable in config file.
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NYEARS=3 # keep # years (int)
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NMONTHS=12 # keep # months (int)
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NWEEKS=4 # keep # weeks (int)
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NDAYS=7 # keep # days (int)
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declare -a RSYNCOPTS=() # other rsync options
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SOURCEDIR="." # source dir
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DESTDIR="." # destination dir
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MODIFYWINDOW=1 # accuracy for mod time comparison
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# these 2 functions can be overwritten in data file, to run specific actions
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# just before and after the actual sync
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function beforesync () {
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log "calling default beforesync..."
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}
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function aftersync () {
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log "calling default aftersync..."
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}
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# internal variables, cannot (and *should not*) be changed unless you
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# understand exactly what you do.
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# Some variables were moved into the code (example: in the log() function),
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# for practical reasons, the absence of associative arrays being one of them.
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CMDNAME=${0##*/} # script name
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PID=$$ # current pricess PID
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LOCKED=n # indicates if we created lock file.
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SUBJECT="$CMDNAME ${*##*/}" # mail subject
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ERROR=0 # set by error_handler when called
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STARTTIME=$(date +%s) # time since epoch in seconds
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###############################################################################
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######################### helper functions
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###############################################################################
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usage () {
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printf "usage: %s [-a PERIOD][-DfnruvzZ] config-file\n" "$CMDNAME"
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exit 1
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}
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# log function
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# parameters:
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# -l, -s: long, or short prefix (default: none). Last one is used.
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# -t: timestamp
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# -n: no newline
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# This function accepts either a string, either a format string followed
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# by arguments :
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# log -s "%s" "foo"
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# log -s "foo"
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log() {
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local timestr="" prefix="" newline=y todo OPTIND
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while getopts lsnt todo; do
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case $todo in
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l) prefix=$(printf "*%.s" {1..30})
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;;
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s) prefix=$(printf "*%.s" {1..5})
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;;
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n) newline=n
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;;
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t) timestr=$(date "+%F %T%z ")
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;;
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*) ;;
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esac
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done
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shift $((OPTIND - 1))
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[[ $prefix != "" ]] && printf "%s " "$prefix"
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[[ $timestr != "" ]] && printf "%s" "$timestr"
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# shellcheck disable=SC2059
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printf "$@"
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[[ $newline = y ]] && printf "\n"
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return 0
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}
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# prints out and run a command. Used mainly for rsync debug.
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echorun () {
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log "%s" "$*"
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"$@"
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return $?
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}
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# lock system
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lock_lock() {
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local opid lock="$LOCKDIR/pid"
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log -n "Setting lock: "
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if [[ -r "$LOCKDIR" && -r "$lock" ]]; then
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read -r opid < "$lock"
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if ps -p "$opid" &> /dev/null; then
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log "PID %d (in %s) still active. Exiting." "$opid" "$lock"
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exit 0
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fi
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log "Stale lock file found (pid=%d), forcing unlock... " "$opid"
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lock_unlock -f
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fi
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if ! mkdir "$LOCKDIR"; then
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log "Cannot create lock file. Exiting."
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error_handler $LINENO 1
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fi
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log "ok."
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printf "%d\n" "$PID" >> "$lock"
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LOCKED=y
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return 0
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}
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lock_unlock() {
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local force=n
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[[ $# == 1 ]] && [[ $1 == -f ]] && force=y
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if [[ "$force" = y || "$LOCKED" = y ]]; then
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rm --verbose "$LOCKDIR"/pid
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rm --dir --verbose "$LOCKDIR"
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fi
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return 0
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}
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# Error handler.After these basic initializations, errors will be managed by the
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# following handler. It is better to do this before the redirections below.
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error_handler() {
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ERROR=$2
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echo "FATAL: Error line $1, exit code $2. Aborting."
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exit "$ERROR"
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}
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exit_handler() {
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# we dont need lock file anymore (another backup could start from now).
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log "exit_handler LOCKED=%s" "$LOCKED"
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lock_unlock
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if (( ERROR == 0 )); then
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SUBJECT="Successful $SUBJECT"
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else
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SUBJECT="Failure in $SUBJECT"
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fi
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log -l -t "Ending backup."
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if [[ $DEBUG = n ]]; then
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# restore stdout (not necessary), set temp file as stdin, close fd 3.
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# remove temp file (as still opened by stdin, will still be readable).
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exec 1<&3 3>&- 0<"$TMPFILE"
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rm -f "$TMPFILE"
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else
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exec 0<<<"" # force empty input for the following
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fi
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SECS=$(( $(date +%s) - STARTTIME ))
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# Warning: no logs allowed here (before next braces), as stdout is no
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# more handled the final way.
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{
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# we write these logs here so that they are on top if no DEBUG.
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printf "%s: Exit code: %d " "$CMDNAME" "$ERROR"
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if ((ERROR == 0)); then
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printf "(ok) "
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else
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printf "(error) "
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fi
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printf "in %d seconds (%d:%02d:%02d)\n\n" \
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$((SECS)) $((SECS/3600)) $((SECS%3600/60)) $((SECS%60))
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if [[ -n $FILTERLNK ]]; then
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grep -vE "^(hf|cd|cL)[ \+]"
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else
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cat
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fi
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} |
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{
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if [[ -n $MAILTO ]]; then
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{
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MIMESTR="FEDCBA_0987654321"
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# email header
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printf "To: %s\n" "$MAILTO"
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#printf "From: %s" "$MAILTO"
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printf "Subject: %s\n" "$SUBJECT"
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printf "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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printf 'Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="%s"\n' "$MIMESTR"
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printf "\n"
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# We write a short information in email's body
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printf "\n--%s\n" "$MIMESTR"
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printf 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n'
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printf '\n'
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# send first lines in message body (until the mark line or EOF)
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has_mark_line=0
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while read -r line; do
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if [[ $line =~ ^\*+\ Mark$ ]]; then
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has_mark_line=1
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break
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fi
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printf "%s\n" "$line"
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done
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# we prepare attachment only if a mark line was found
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if (( has_mark_line == 1 )); then
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printf "\n--%s\n" "$MIMESTR"
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if [[ "$ZIPMAIL" == cat ]]; then
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printf 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n'
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printf 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="sync-log.txt"\n'
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else
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printf "Content-Type: application/gzip\n"
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printf 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="sync-log.txt.gz"\n'
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fi
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printf "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64\n"
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printf '\n'
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$ZIPMAIL | base64
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fi
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printf "\n--%s--\n" "$MIMESTR"
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} | sendmail -it
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else
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grep -vE "^\*+\ Mark$"
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fi
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}
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}
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###############################################################################
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######################### Options/Environment setup
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###############################################################################
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# command-line parsing / configuration file read.
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parse_opts() {
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OPTIND=0
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shopt -s extglob # to parse "-a" option
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while getopts a:DfnruvzZ todo; do
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case "$todo" in
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a) # we use US (Unit Separator, 0x1F, control-_) as separator
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# next line will add US before each char (including 1st one)
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IFS=$'\x1F' read -ra periods <<< "${OPTARG//?()/$'\x1F'}"
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# we skip 1st (empty) ellement of array
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for period in "${periods[@]:1}"; do
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case "$period" in
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d) DAILY=y;;
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w) WEEKLY=y;;
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m) MONTHLY=y;;
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y) YEARLY=y;;
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*) printf '%s: unknown period "%s"\n' "$CMDNAME" "$period"
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usage
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esac
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done
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;;
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f) FILTERLNK=y;;
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r) RESUME=y;;
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n) MAILTO="";;
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z) COMPRESS=-y;; # rsync compression. Depends on net/CPU perfs
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u) NUMID="--numeric-ids";;
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D) DEBUG=y;;
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Z) ZIPMAIL="cat";;
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*) usage;;
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esac
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done
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# Now check remaining argument (configuration file), which should be unique,
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# and read the file.
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shift $((OPTIND - 1))
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(( $# != 1 )) && usage
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CONFIG="$1"
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LOCKDIR=".sync-$SERVER-${CONFIG##*/}.lock"
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if [[ ! -r "$CONFIG" ]]; then
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printf "%s: Cannot open $CONFIG file. Exiting.\n" "$CMDNAME"
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exit 1
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fi
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# shellcheck source=/dev/null
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source "$CONFIG"
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}
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parse_opts "$@"
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# we set backups to be done if none has been set yet (i.e. none is "y").
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# Note: we use the form +%-d to avoid zero padding :
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# for bash, starting with 0 => octal => 08 is invalid
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adjust_targets() {
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if ! [[ "$DAILY$WEEKLY$MONTHLY$YEARLY" =~ .*y.* ]]; then
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(( $(date +%u) == 7 )) && WEEKLY=y
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(( $(date +%-d) == 1 )) && MONTHLY=y
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(( $(date +%-d) == 1 && $(date +%-m) == 1 )) && YEARLY=y
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DAILY=y
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fi
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}
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adjust_targets
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# After these basic initializations, errors will be managed by the
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# following handler. It is better to do this before the redirections below.
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trap 'error_handler $LINENO $?' ERR SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM
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trap 'exit_handler' EXIT
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# standard descriptors redirection.
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# if not DEBUG, save stdout as fd 3, and redirect stdout to temp file.
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# in case of DEBUG, we could close stdin, but there could be side effects,
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# such as ^C handling, etc... So we keep the keyboard available.
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if [[ $DEBUG = n ]]; then
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TMPFILE=$(mktemp /tmp/sync-log.XXXXXX)
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exec 3<&1 >"$TMPFILE" # no more output on screen from now.
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fi
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exec 2>&1
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if [[ ! -d "$SOURCEDIR" ]]; then
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log -s "Invalid source directory (%s)." "$SOURCEDIR"
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error_handler $LINENO 1
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fi
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if ! cd "$SOURCEDIR"; then
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log -s "Cannot cd to %s." "$SOURCEDIR"
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error_handler $LINENO 1
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fi
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# prepare list of backups, such as "daily 7 weekly 4", etc...
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# the order is important.
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TODO=()
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[[ $DAILY = y ]] && (( NDAYS > 0 )) && TODO+=(daily "$NDAYS")
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[[ $WEEKLY = y ]] && (( NWEEKS > 0 )) && TODO+=(weekly "$NWEEKS")
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[[ $MONTHLY = y ]] && (( NMONTHS > 0 )) && TODO+=(monthly "$NMONTHS")
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[[ $YEARLY = y ]] && (( NYEARS > 0 )) && TODO+=(yearly "$NYEARS")
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log -l -t "Starting %s" "$CMDNAME"
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log "Bash version: %s.%s.%s" \
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"${BASH_VERSINFO[0]}" "${BASH_VERSINFO[1]}" "${BASH_VERSINFO[2]}"
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log "Hostname: %s" "$(hostname)"
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log "Operating System: %s on %s" "$(uname -sr)" "$(uname -m)"
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log "Config : %s\n" "$CONFIG"
|
|
log "Src dir: %s" "$SOURCEDIR"
|
|
log "Dst dir: %s" "$SERVER:$DESTDIR"
|
|
log "Actions: %s" "${TODO[*]}"
|
|
log "Filter: %s" "$FILTER"
|
|
log "Rsync additional options (%d): %s" "${#RSYNCOPTS[@]}" "${RSYNCOPTS[*]}"
|
|
|
|
log -n "Mail recipient: "
|
|
# shellcheck disable=SC2015
|
|
[[ -n "$MAILTO" ]] && log "$MAILTO" || log "<unset>"
|
|
# shellcheck disable=SC2015
|
|
log -n "Compression: " && [[ $ZIPMAIL = gzip ]] && log "gzip" || log "none"
|
|
|
|
# check availability of necessary commands
|
|
declare -a cmdavail=()
|
|
log -n "Checking for commands : "
|
|
for cmd in rsync base64 sendmail gzip; do
|
|
log -n "%s..." "$cmd"
|
|
if type -P "$cmd" > /dev/null; then
|
|
log -n "ok "
|
|
else
|
|
if [[ "$cmd" = "gzip" ]]; then
|
|
log -n "NOK (compression disabled)"
|
|
ZIPMAIL="cat"
|
|
continue
|
|
fi
|
|
log -n "NOK "
|
|
cmdavail+=("$cmd")
|
|
fi
|
|
done
|
|
log ""
|
|
if (( ${#cmdavail[@]} )); then
|
|
log -s "Fatal. Please install the following programs: %s." "${cmdavail[*]}"
|
|
error_handler $LINENO 1
|
|
fi
|
|
unset cmdavail
|
|
|
|
# create lock file
|
|
lock_lock
|
|
|
|
log -s "Mark" # to separate email body
|
|
|
|
# select handling depending on local or networked target (ssh or not).
|
|
if [[ $SERVER = local ]]; then # local backup
|
|
DOIT=""
|
|
DEST="$DESTDIR"
|
|
else # remote backup
|
|
DOIT="ssh $SERVER"
|
|
DEST="$SERVER:$DESTDIR"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# commands and specific variables.
|
|
EXIST="$DOIT test -e"
|
|
MOVE="$DOIT mv"
|
|
REMOVE="$DOIT rm -rf"
|
|
COPYHARD="$DOIT rsync -ar"
|
|
|
|
# rotate files. arguments are a string and a number. For instance $1=weekly,
|
|
# $2=3.
|
|
# we first build a list from $2 to zero, with 2 padded digits: 03 02 01 00
|
|
# then we remove $1-03, and move $1-02 to $1-03, $1-01 to $1-02, etc...
|
|
rotate-files () {
|
|
# shellcheck disable=SC2207
|
|
files=( $(seq -f "$DESTDIR/$1-%02g" "$2" -1 0) )
|
|
log -s -t -n "%s deletion... " "${files[0]##*/}"
|
|
status=0
|
|
$REMOVE "${files[0]}" || status=$?
|
|
if (( status != 0 )); then
|
|
# this should never happen.
|
|
# But I saw this event in case of a file system corruption. Better
|
|
# is to stop immediately instead of accepting strange side effects.
|
|
if $EXIST "${files[0]}" ; then
|
|
log -s "Could not remove %s. This SHOULD NOT happen." "${files[0]}"
|
|
error_handler $LINENO $status
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
log "done."
|
|
|
|
log -s -t -n "%s rotation... " "$1"
|
|
while (( ${#files[@]} > 1 ))
|
|
do
|
|
if $EXIST "${files[1]}" ; then
|
|
[[ $DEBUG = y ]] && log -n "%s " "${files[1]:(-2)} "
|
|
$MOVE "${files[1]}" "${files[0]}"
|
|
fi
|
|
unset "files[0]" # shift and pack array
|
|
files=( "${files[@]}" )
|
|
done
|
|
log "done."
|
|
return 0
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# main loop.
|
|
while [[ ${TODO[0]} != "" ]]; do
|
|
# these variables to make the script easier to read.
|
|
todo="${TODO[0]}" # daily, weekly, etc...
|
|
keep="${TODO[1]}" # # of versions to keep for $todo set
|
|
todop="$DESTDIR/$todo" # prefix for backup (e.g. "destdir/daily")
|
|
tdest="$todop-00" # target full path (e.g. "destdir/daily-00")
|
|
ldest="$DESTDIR/daily-01" # link-dest dir (always daily-01)
|
|
|
|
log -l -t "%s backup..." "$todo"
|
|
|
|
# check if target (XX-00) directory exists. If yes, we must have the
|
|
# resume option to go on.
|
|
if $EXIST "$tdest"; then
|
|
if [[ $RESUME = n ]]; then
|
|
log -s '%s already exists, and no "resume" option.' "$tdest"
|
|
error_handler $LINENO 1
|
|
fi
|
|
log -s "Warning: Resuming %s partial backup." "$todo"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# daily backup.
|
|
# as we already checked the existence of the -00 file, we can keep
|
|
# the --partial option safely.
|
|
if [[ $todo = daily ]]; then
|
|
beforesync # script to run before the sync
|
|
log -s -t "rsync copy..."
|
|
# Do the sync. Run in a subshell to avoid the error handling, as
|
|
# we want to ignore "acceptable" errors, such as:
|
|
# - "vanished file" (exit code 24).
|
|
# - others?
|
|
status=0
|
|
echorun rsync \
|
|
-aHixv \
|
|
"$FILTER" \
|
|
"${RSYNCOPTS[@]}" \
|
|
$COMPRESS \
|
|
$NUMID \
|
|
--delete \
|
|
--delete-during \
|
|
--delete-excluded \
|
|
--modify-window=$MODIFYWINDOW \
|
|
--partial \
|
|
--link-dest="$ldest" \
|
|
. \
|
|
"$DEST/daily-00" || status=$?
|
|
# error 24 is "vanished source file", and should be ignored.
|
|
if (( status != 24 && status != 0)); then
|
|
error_handler $LINENO $status
|
|
fi
|
|
aftersync # script to run after the sync
|
|
else # non-daily case.
|
|
status=0
|
|
$EXIST "$ldest" || status=$?
|
|
if ((status == 0 )); then
|
|
log -s -t "%s update..." "$tdest"
|
|
$COPYHARD --link-dest="$ldest" "$ldest/" "$tdest"
|
|
else
|
|
log "No %s directory. Skipping %s backup." "$ldest" "$todo"
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
rotate-files "$todo" "$keep"
|
|
|
|
# shift and pack TODO array
|
|
unset 'TODO[0]' 'TODO[1]'
|
|
TODO=( "${TODO[@]}" )
|
|
done
|
|
|
|
exit 0
|
|
|
|
# Indent style for emacs
|
|
# Local Variables:
|
|
# sh-basic-offset: 4
|
|
# sh-indentation: 4
|
|
# indent-tabs-mode: nil
|
|
# comment-column: 32
|
|
# End:
|